carbide whisker material added to absorb the energy , the energy is absorbed by the state . whisker toughening mechanism is mainly manifested as : the whisker - toughening : Whiskers to the outside under the action of the load from the matrix when it is withdrawn , due to interfacial friction consumes a part of the outside load energy so as to toughen the purpose , while the toughening effect of whisker and influenced by sliding resistance of the interface . whisker and matrix must have sufficient adhesion , so that the external load can be transmitted effectively to the whiskers , but this should not be at a large binding force , so that a sufficient length , are adjusted . The crack deflexion : When the tip encounters the modulus of elasticity greater than that of the substrate of the second phase , the crack will deviate from the original direction , along the two - phase interface or within the matrix . Because of the non - planar fracture plane fracture has fracture surfaces , it is possible to absorb more energy , so the toughness . the addition of a high modulus of elasticity within the matrix of the whiskers or particles may induce the crack deflexion mechanism . The whisker bridging toughening : When the substrate is broken , the whisker may be subjected to external loads and for disconnection of the connection between the surface crack bridging . bridging of the whisker may be generated on the substrate so that the crack closure force , the consumption of external loads , accordingly can improve the toughness of the material .